1a: States of Matter
1.1 Understand the arrangement, movement and energy of the particles in each of the three states of matter: solid, liquid and gas
1.2 Describe how the interconversion of solids, liquids and gases are achieved and recall the names used for these interconversions
1.3 Describe the changes in arrangement, movement and energy of particles during these interconversions
1b: Atoms
1.4 Describe simple experiments leading to the idea of the small size of particles and their movement including dilution of coloured solutions and diffusion experiments
1.5 Understand the terms atom and molecule
1.6 Understand the differences between elements, compounds and mixtures
1.7 Describe techniques for the separation of mixtures, including simple distillation, fractional distillation, filtration, crystallization and paper chromatography
1c: Atomic Structure
1.8 Recall that atoms consist of a central nucleus, composed of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons, orbiting in shells
1.9 Recall the relative mass and relative charge of a proton, neutron and electron
1.10 Understand the terms atomic number, mass number, isotopes and relative atomic mass
1.11 Calculate the ralative atomic mass of an element from the relative abundances of its isotopes
1.12 Understand that the Periodic Table is an arrangement of elements in order of atomic number
1.13 Deduce the electronic configurations of the first twenty elements from their positions in the Periodic Table
1.14 Deduce the number of outer electrons in a main group element from its position in the Periodic Table
1f: Ionic Compounds
1.27 Describe the formation of ions by the gain or loss of electrons
1.28 Understand oxidation as the loss of electrons and reduction as the gain of electrons
1g: Covalent Compounds
1.37 Describe the formation of a covalent bond by the sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms
1.38 Understand covalent bonding as a strong attraction between the bonding pair of electrons and the nuclei of the atoms involved in the bond
1.39 Explain, using dot and cross diagrams, the formation of covalent substances by electron sharing for the following substances: H2, H2O, Cl2, CH4, HCl, O2, NH3, C2H6, C2H4, N2, CO2
1.40 Recall that substances with simple molecular structures are gases or liquids, or solids with low melting points
1.41 Explain why Substances with simple molecular structures have low melting points in terms of the relatively weak forces between the molecules
1.42 Explain the high melting points of substances with giant covalent structures in terms of the breaking of many strong covalent bonds
1.43 Draw simple diagrams representing the positions of the atoms in diamond and graphite
1.44 Explain how the uses of diamond and graphite depend on their structures, limited to graphite as a lubricant and diamond in cutting
2a: The Periodic Table
2.1 Understand the terms group and period
2.2 Recall the positions of metals and non-metals in the Periodic Table
2.3 Explain the classification of elements as metals or non-metals on the basis of their electrical conductivity and the acid-base character of their oxides
2.4 Understand why elements in the same group of the Periodic Table have similar chemical properties
2.5 Recall the noble gases (Group 0) as a family of inert gases and explain their lack of reactivity in terms of their electronic configurations
2b: The Group 1 elements - Lithium, Sodium and Potassium
2.6 Describe the reactions of these elements with water and understand that the reactions provide a basis for their recognition as a family of elements
2.7 Recall the relative reactivities of the elements in Group 1
2.8 Explain the relative reactivities of the elements in Group 1 in terms of distance between the outer electrons and the nucleus
2c: The Group 7 elements - Chlorine, Bromine and Iodine
2.9 Recall the colors and physical states of the elements at room temperature
2.10 Make predictions about the properties of other halogens in this group
2.11 Understand the difference between hydrogen chloride gas and hydrochloric acid
2.12 Explain, in terms of dissociation, why hydrogen chloride is acidic in water but not in methylbenzene
2.13 Recall the relative reactivities of the elements in Group 7
3a/b: Introduction and Alkanes
3.1 Explain in the terms hologous series, hydrocarbon, saturated, unsaturated, general formula dn isomerism
3.2 Recall that alkanes have the general formula CnH2n+2
3.3 Draw Displayed formulae for alkanes with up to five carbon atoms in a molecule, and name the straight-chain isomers
3.4 Recall the products of the complete and incomplete combustion of alkanes
3.5 Recall the reaction of methane with bromine to forma bromomethane in the presence of UV light
3c: Alkenes
3.6 Recall that alkenes have the general formula CnH2n
3.7 Draw displayed formulae for alkenes with up to four carbon atoms in a molecule, and name the straight chain isomers
3.8 Describe the addition reaction of alkenes with bromine, including the decolorizing of bromine water as a test for alkenes
5b/c: Crude oil and Synthetic Polimers
5.6 Recall that crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons
5.7 Describe how the industrial process of fractional distillation separates crude oil into fractions
5.8 Recall the names and uses of the main fractions obtained from crude oil: Refinery gases, gasoline, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil and bitumen
5.9 Describe the trend in boiling point and viscosity of the main fractions
5.17 Recall that nylon is a condensation polymer
5.18 Understand that the formation of a condensation polymer is accompanied by the release of a small molecule such as water or hydrogen chlorie
5.19 Recall the types of monomers used in the manufacture of nylon
5.20 Draw the structure of nylon in block diagram format
CHEMISTRY
SYLLABUS
1a: States of Matter
1.1 Understand the arrangement, movement and energy of the particles in each of the three states of matter: solid, liquid and gas
1.2 Describe how the interconversion of solids, liquids and gases are achieved and recall the names used for these interconversions
1.3 Describe the changes in arrangement, movement and energy of particles during these interconversions
1b: Atoms
1.4 Describe simple experiments leading to the idea of the small size of particles and their movement including dilution of coloured solutions and diffusion experiments
1.5 Understand the terms atom and molecule
1.6 Understand the differences between elements, compounds and mixtures
1.7 Describe techniques for the separation of mixtures, including simple distillation, fractional distillation, filtration, crystallization and paper chromatography
1c: Atomic Structure
1.8 Recall that atoms consist of a central nucleus, composed of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons, orbiting in shells
1.9 Recall the relative mass and relative charge of a proton, neutron and electron
1.10 Understand the terms atomic number, mass number, isotopes and relative atomic mass
1.11 Calculate the ralative atomic mass of an element from the relative abundances of its isotopes
1.12 Understand that the Periodic Table is an arrangement of elements in order of atomic number
1.13 Deduce the electronic configurations of the first twenty elements from their positions in the Periodic Table
1.14 Deduce the number of outer electrons in a main group element from its position in the Periodic Table
1f: Ionic Compounds
1.27 Describe the formation of ions by the gain or loss of electrons
1.28 Understand oxidation as the loss of electrons and reduction as the gain of electrons
1g: Covalent Compounds
1.37 Describe the formation of a covalent bond by the sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms
1.38 Understand covalent bonding as a strong attraction between the bonding pair of electrons and the nuclei of the atoms involved in the bond
1.39 Explain, using dot and cross diagrams, the formation of covalent substances by electron sharing for the following substances: H2, H2O, Cl2, CH4, HCl, O2, NH3, C2H6, C2H4, N2, CO2
1.40 Recall that substances with simple molecular structures are gases or liquids, or solids with low melting points
1.41 Explain why Substances with simple molecular structures have low melting points in terms of the relatively weak forces between the molecules
1.42 Explain the high melting points of substances with giant covalent structures in terms of the breaking of many strong covalent bonds
1.43 Draw simple diagrams representing the positions of the atoms in diamond and graphite
1.44 Explain how the uses of diamond and graphite depend on their structures, limited to graphite as a lubricant and diamond in cutting
2a: The Periodic Table
2.1 Understand the terms group and period
2.2 Recall the positions of metals and non-metals in the Periodic Table
2.3 Explain the classification of elements as metals or non-metals on the basis of their electrical conductivity and the acid-base character of their oxides
2.4 Understand why elements in the same group of the Periodic Table have similar chemical properties
2.5 Recall the noble gases (Group 0) as a family of inert gases and explain their lack of reactivity in terms of their electronic configurations
2b: The Group 1 elements - Lithium, Sodium and Potassium
2.6 Describe the reactions of these elements with water and understand that the reactions provide a basis for their recognition as a family of elements
2.7 Recall the relative reactivities of the elements in Group 1
2.8 Explain the relative reactivities of the elements in Group 1 in terms of distance between the outer electrons and the nucleus
2c: The Group 7 elements - Chlorine, Bromine and Iodine
2.9 Recall the colors and physical states of the elements at room temperature
2.10 Make predictions about the properties of other halogens in this group
2.11 Understand the difference between hydrogen chloride gas and hydrochloric acid
2.12 Explain, in terms of dissociation, why hydrogen chloride is acidic in water but not in methylbenzene
2.13 Recall the relative reactivities of the elements in Group 7
3a/b: Introduction and Alkanes
3.1 Explain in the terms hologous series, hydrocarbon, saturated, unsaturated, general formula dn isomerism
3.2 Recall that alkanes have the general formula CnH2n+2
3.3 Draw Displayed formulae for alkanes with up to five carbon atoms in a molecule, and name the straight-chain isomers
3.4 Recall the products of the complete and incomplete combustion of alkanes
3.5 Recall the reaction of methane with bromine to forma bromomethane in the presence of UV light
3c: Alkenes
3.6 Recall that alkenes have the general formula CnH2n
3.7 Draw displayed formulae for alkenes with up to four carbon atoms in a molecule, and name the straight chain isomers
3.8 Describe the addition reaction of alkenes with bromine, including the decolorizing of bromine water as a test for alkenes
5b/c: Crude oil and Synthetic Polimers
5.6 Recall that crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons
5.7 Describe how the industrial process of fractional distillation separates crude oil into fractions
5.8 Recall the names and uses of the main fractions obtained from crude oil: Refinery gases, gasoline, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil and bitumen
5.9 Describe the trend in boiling point and viscosity of the main fractions
5.17 Recall that nylon is a condensation polymer
5.18 Understand that the formation of a condensation polymer is accompanied by the release of a small molecule such as water or hydrogen chlorie
5.19 Recall the types of monomers used in the manufacture of nylon
5.20 Draw the structure of nylon in block diagram format
5d:
CHEMISTRY EXAM